This dataset provides camera-trap monitoring records of medium and large mammals in the Jiulongfeng Nature Reserve of Huangshan, China (from March 2022 to March 2023). It includes7625 detections of 15 species. These data can be used to analyze species diversity, diel activity patterns, and altitude-related seasonal migration, providing a scientific basis for regional biodiversity conservation.
此資源sampling event的資料已發佈為達爾文核心集檔案（DwC-A），其以一或多組資料表構成分享生物多樣性資料的標準格式。
核心資料表包含 32 筆紀錄。
亦存在 1 筆延伸集的資料表。延伸集中的紀錄補充核心集中紀錄的額外資訊。 每個延伸集資料表中資料筆數顯示如下。
此 IPT 存放資料以提供資料儲存庫服務。資料與資源的詮釋資料可由「下載」單元下載。「版本」表格列出此資源的其它公開版本，以便利追蹤其隨時間的變更。
camera trap; Huangshan Mountain; mammal; Observation
The Jiulongfeng Nature Reserve Reserve is located between 117°56'32"~118°03'55"E longitude and 30°04'05"~30°10'23"N latitude. The annual average temperature is 15.5°C; the extreme maximum temperature is 40.7°C, and the extreme minimum temperature is −14.7°C. The annual average precipitation is about 1,759 mm; the total area is 2,720 km2, and the highest altitude is 1,281 m. The territory is characterized by continuous mountains, overlapping peaks, a mild climate, and abundant rainfall.
| 界定座標範圍 |
緯度南界 經度西界 [30.075, 117.987], 緯度北界 經度東界 [30.112, 118.106] |
In this study, we covered the following taxonomic groups: Class: Mammalia; Orders: Lagomorpha, Carnivora, Rodentia, Artiodactyla, and Primates; Families: Leporidae, Mustelidae, Viverridae, Herpestidae, Suidae, Cervidae, Bovidae, Cercopithecidae, and Sciuridae.
| Class |
Mammalia (Mammals)
|
| Order |
Lagomorpha (Hares),
Carnivora (Carnivores),
Artiodactyla (Ruminants),
Primates (Primates),
Rodentia (Rodents)
|
| Family |
Leporidae (Hares),
Mustelidae (Mustelids),
Viverridae (Civets),
Herpestidae (Mongooses),
Suidae (Pigs),
Cervidae (Deers),
Bovidae (Bovids),
Cercopithecidae (Monkeys),
Sciuridae (Squirrels),
Hystricidae (Porcupines)
|
| 起始日期 / 結束日期 |
2022-03-24 / 2023-03-31 |
Understanding the activity rhythms of threatened mammals is crucial for designing effective conservation strategies. However, the systematic studies on mammals in Huangshan Mountain, one of China’s most biodiverse regions, are limited. In this study, we investigated the diversity of medium- to large-sized mammals alongside the daily and seasonal activity rhythms of threatened species in the Jiulongfeng Nature Reserve (JLF) of Huangshan Mountain from March 2022 to March 2023. Our objectives were to (1) document the diversity and community composition of wild mammals in the JLF; (2) analyze the relative abundance, nocturnality index, and daily and annual activity rhythms of the threatened species detected; and (3) investigate the influence of altitude on their seasonal migrations. Our findings provide essential baseline data to inform wildlife conservation and reserve management in this subtropical region.
| 計畫名稱 |
Camera trap survey of mammal diversity in a subtropical forest of Huangshan Mountain, China |
| 辨識碼 |
ZW20000919 |
| 經費來源 |
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 32470458; 32001222) and the Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates (S202410370265), awarded to L.P.S. and Z.F. |
| 研究區域描述 |
The JLF is located between 117°56'32"~118°03'55"E longitude and 30°04'05"~30°10'23"N latitude. The annual average temperature is 15.5°C; the extreme maximum temperature is 40.7°C, and the extreme minimum temperature is −14.7°C. The annual average precipitation is about 1,759 mm; the total area is 2,720 km2, and the highest altitude is 1,281 m. The territory is characterized by continuous mountains, overlapping peaks, a mild climate, and abundant rainfall. |
| 研究設計描述 |
We employed 32 infrared camera traps (Yianws L710, Shenzhen, China) to conduct wild mammal surveys in the JLF from March 2022 to March 2023. Based on the observed signs of animal activities (e.g., trails, scat, nests, and feeding traces), forestland locations that were more open and close to water sources were selected to install the infrared cameras, and information such as the camera shooting time, ambient temperature, deployment habitat, and altitude of each camera site was recorded. Species were identified by analyzing the captured photos and videos. We placed each camera on relatively flat terrain 50 cm above the ground and removed all vegetation and debris from the camera view. The spacing between the cameras was at least 200 m to ensure spatial independence. All cameras were monitored 24 hours a day, and all camera parameters were set uniformly, including the date and shooting mode (3 photos + 1 video mode). |
參與計畫的人員:
Species were identified by analyzing the captured photos and videos. We placed each camera on relatively flat terrain 50 cm above the ground and removed all vegetation and debris from the camera view. The spacing between the cameras was at least 200 m to ensure spatial independence. All cameras were monitored 24 hours a day, and all camera parameters were set uniformly, including the date and shooting mode (3 photos + 1 video mode).
| 研究範圍 |
The JLF is located between 117°56'32"~118°03'55"E longitude and 30°04'05"~30°10'23"N latitude. The annual average temperature is 15.5°C; the extreme maximum temperature is 40.7°C, and the extreme minimum temperature is −14.7°C. The annual average precipitation is about 1,759 mm; the total area is 2,720 km2, and the highest altitude is 1,281 m. The territory is characterized by continuous mountains, overlapping peaks, a mild climate, and abundant rainfall |
| 品質控管 |
To ensure accurate species identification, the authors thoroughly reviewed the photos and cross-checked the nomenclature, consulting the IUCN Red List (IUCN 2025) and also by considering each species' conservation status. |
方法步驟描述:
-
The photo and video data captured by the infrared cameras were archived and saved according to the camera numbers, and corresponding folders were created. Information such as the file numbers, formats, and shooting dates and times were extracted from each folder and recorded in Excel. Species identification was conducted using the image data, and independent detections were screened. An independent photo refers to adjacent images of the same individual at the same camera site with an interval of at least 30 minutes.
| 致謝 |
The infrared camera data and sampling approval were provided by the Jiulongfeng Nature Reserve of the Huangshan Mountain. We are also deeply grateful for the support of Paradise Foundation. |
| Introduction |
Understanding the activity rhythms of threatened mammals is crucial for designing effective conservation strategies. However, the systematic studies on mammals in Huangshan Mountain, one of China’s most biodiverse regions, are limited. In this study, we investigated the diversity of medium- to large-sized mammals alongside the daily and seasonal activity rhythms of threatened species in the Jiulongfeng Nature Reserve (JLF) of Huangshan Mountain from March 2022 to March 2023. Our objectives were to (1) document the diversity and community composition of wild mammals in the JLF; (2) analyze the relative abundance, nocturnality index, and daily and annual activity rhythms of the threatened species detected; and (3) investigate the influence of altitude on their seasonal migrations. Our findings provide essential baseline data to inform wildlife conservation and reserve management in this subtropical region.A survey employing 32 infrared cameras over 11,680 camera-days yielded 7,625 independent detections of 15 species belonging to 5 orders, 13 genera, and 10 families. The top five species with the highest relative abundance index (RAI) values were Reeves’s muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), wild boar (Sus scrofa), Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana huangshanensis), masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), and Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura). We describe the diel activity rhythms and seasonal altitudinal migration patterns of seven focal threatened species. The daily activity patterns of Reeves’s muntjacs, black muntjacs (Muntiacus crinifrons), and Tibetan macaques were bimodal, with dominant diurnal habits, whereas masked palm civets, Malayan porcupines, hog badgers (Arctonyx collaris), and serows (Capricornis sumatraensis) were nocturnal species. Activity peaks also shifted seasonally. We further observed seasonal altitudinal migration patterns: diurnal mammals such as Reeves's muntjacs, black muntjacs, and Tibetan macaques frequented mid-altitude in summer, while nocturnal species such as hog badgers, Malayan porcupines, and masked palm civets were more common at mid-altitude in winter. This pattern could be attributed to thermoregulation and other ecological factors. This work contributes valuable baseline data on mammalian biodiversity and behavioral ecology in an understudied region, with implications for the conservation management of protected areas in subtropical China. |
| Getting Started |
Species were identified by analyzing the captured photos and videos. We placed each camera on relatively flat terrain 50 cm above the ground and removed all vegetation and debris from the camera view. The spacing between the cameras was at least 200 m to ensure spatial independence. All cameras were monitored 24 hours a day, and all camera parameters were set uniformly, including the date and shooting mode (3 photos + 1 video mode).The photo and video data captured by the infrared cameras were archived and saved according to the camera numbers, and corresponding folders were created. Information such as the file numbers, formats, and shooting dates and times were extracted from each folder and recorded in Excel. Species identification was conducted using the image data, and independent detections were screened. An independent photo refers to adjacent images of the same individual at the same camera site with an interval of at least 30 minutes. |
| 目的 |
Our objectives were to (1) document the diversity and community composition of wild mammals in the JLF; (2) analyze the relative abundance, nocturnality index, and daily and annual activity rhythms of the threatened species detected; and (3) investigate the influence of altitude on their seasonal migrations. Our findings provide essential baseline data to inform wildlife conservation and reserve management in this subtropical region. |
| 替代的識別碼 |
d5fc33c5-e514-45ea-8655-d1c6dc934d35 |
|
https://www.gbifchina.org.cn/resource?r=zw20000919 |